LBH

Q: Steel structures typically come in four main types:

1: Portal Frame: These structures feature a simple, clear force transmission path, allowing for efficient component production and quick construction. They are widely used in industrial, commercial, and public facilities. 2: Steel Frame: Steel frame structures consist of beams and columns that can withstand both vertical and horizontal loads. The frame design must meet strength, stability, and rigidity requirements. 3: Grid Structure: Grid structures are space-linked, with force-bearing members connected at nodes in a systematic pattern. This economical approach is commonly used in large-bay public buildings. 4: Customized Designs: In some regions, local building codes may only accept designs from approved institutes or engineers. In these cases, our team works closely with you to understand your needs and develop an optimized design that maximizes your available space while optimizing construction and transportation costs. Regardless of the steel structure type, professional engineering calculations and design drawings are essential to ensure the safety and success of the project.

Q: What’s the largest span without support？

The typical maximum span for steel structure buildings without intermediate supports is generally in the range of 12 to 24 meters, with 30 meters being the upper limit. However, if the required span exceeds 36 meters, it would require special engineering analysis and justification. In such cases, the design team must demonstrate the feasibility, reliability, and seismic performance of the proposed long-span solution to ensure the structure meets all safety and usage requirements. This may involve advanced structural engineering calculations, finite element analysis, and potentially custom design elements to achieve the desired span without intermediate supports. The specific maximum span capability can vary depending on factors like the building's purpose, local building codes, material properties, and design approaches. Close collaboration between the client and the engineering team is crucial to develop an optimal long-span steel structure solution that balances technical requirements, cost, and functional needs.

Q: How to install a building on-site?

We typically offer our clients three options for the on-site installation of steel structure buildings: a. Provide detailed installation manuals with photos, drawings, and instructional videos to guide your local team through the process. This DIY approach is the most common, with 95% of our clients successfully completing their installations this way. b. Dispatch our own experienced installation team to your site to oversee and assist your local crew. This turnkey solution covers their travel, lodging, and labor costs, making it the easiest option but more expensive. Around 2% of customers choose this route, typically for larger projects over $150,000. c. Arrange for your engineers or technicians to visit our facilities and receive hands-on training on the installation procedures. A small percentage, around 3%, of our clients opt for this method to develop their in-house installation capabilities. Regardless of the approach, we work closely with you to ensure a smooth on-site installation process that meets all safety and quality standards. Our goal is to provide the level of support that best suits your needs and resources to successfully complete your steel structure project.

Q: How much does a pre-engineered building design cost?

Generally, the design cost for a pre-engineered steel building is approximately $1.5 per square meter. This design cost is typically included as part of the overall project budget once the client confirms the order. The exact design cost can vary depending on factors such as the building size, complexity, local building code requirements, and the level of customization involved. More complex or custom-engineered designs may have a higher per-square-meter design cost. It's important to note that the design cost is just one component of the total project expenses, which also include the cost of materials, fabrication, transportation, and installation. Our team works closely with clients to provide a comprehensive budget breakdown and ensure transparent pricing. By incorporating the design cost into the overall project pricing, we can offer a turnkey solution that simplifies the process for our clients. This approach helps them better plan and manage their steel building project from start to finish.

Q: How to make a customized building?

Certainly, we can provide you with our standard design drawings as a starting point. However, if you don't have a clear plan in mind, we're happy to work with you to design a solution tailored to your specific requirements and the local climatic conditions. Our design process involves: 1: Understanding your needs: We'll work closely with you to gather detailed information about the intended use, size, and other functional requirements for the building. 2: Considering local factors: Our team will review the local building codes, weather patterns, seismic activity, and other site-specific factors to ensure the design is optimized for the environment. 3: Developing customized plans: Based on the collected data, we'll create detailed design drawings and engineering calculations specifically for your project. 4: Incorporating your feedback: We'll collaborate with you throughout the design process to incorporate any revisions or adjustments to the plans until you're fully satisfied. By tailoring the design to your unique needs and the local conditions, we can provide you with a pre-engineered steel building solution that is both functional and cost-effective. This approach helps ensure the building meets all necessary safety and performance standards while aligning with your vision. Please let us know your specific requirements, and our design team will be happy to provide you with the customized plans and drawings for your project.

Q: Can I make revisions on the steel building design?

Absolutely, we welcome revisions to the steel building design during the planning phase. We understand that your project may involve various stakeholders, each with their own suggestions and requirements. As long as the design has not been finalized and approved, we are happy to incorporate your feedback and make the necessary revisions. This collaborative approach helps ensure the final design meets all of your needs and expectations. For more complex design changes, we do charge a modest $600 design fee. However, this amount will be deducted from the overall material cost once you confirm the order. This fee covers the additional engineering work and drafting required to accommodate the revisions. Our team is committed to working closely with you throughout the design process. We encourage you to provide any input or suggestions you may have, as we believe this iterative approach leads to the best possible outcome for your steel building project. Please feel free to share your thoughts and requirements, and we'll be glad to revise the design accordingly. Our goal is to deliver a solution that fully meets your needs, so don't hesitate to request changes as needed.

Q: Customized building Process with HongJi ShunDa Steel ?

We appreciate your interest in our pre-engineered steel building solutions. As your project partner, we're committed to providing you with a design that not only meets your functional requirements but also aligns seamlessly with the local climate and site conditions. If you have a clear plan in mind, we can certainly provide you with our standard design drawings as a starting point. However, if you're open to a more customized approach, we're happy to work closely with you to develop a tailored solution. Our design process involves: 1: Collaborative planning: We'll engage in detailed discussions to fully understand your intended use, size requirements, and other key specifications for the building. 2: Site-specific considerations: Our team will carefully analyze the local building codes, weather patterns, seismic activity, and other environmental factors to optimize the design for the location. 3: Customized engineering: Using the data we collect, we'll create detailed, site-specific design drawings and engineering calculations to ensure the building's safety and performance. 4: Iterative refinement: Throughout the design phase, we'll work hand-in-hand with you to incorporate any revisions or adjustments until you're completely satisfied with the solution. By taking this collaborative and customized approach, we can deliver a pre-engineered steel building that not only meets your functional needs but also performs exceptionally well within the local climate and conditions. This helps guarantee the building's long-term durability and value. Please share your specific requirements with us, and our design team will be pleased to provide you with the tailored plans and drawings for your project.

Q: Where exported are our builiding to?

Excellent question. Our pre-engineered steel building solutions have a global reach, with a focus on key markets in Africa, Asia, and South America. Some of the countries we have successfully exported to include: Africa: Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Mali, Somalia, Ethiopia Asia: Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand South America: Guyana, Guatemala Brazil Other regions:New Zeland, Australia, This diverse global footprint is a testament to the versatility and performance of our steel building systems, which are designed to withstand a wide range of climatic conditions and meet local construction standards. Our export capabilities allow us to provide high-quality, cost-effective steel building solutions to customers around the world, regardless of their geographic location. We work closely with local partners and distributors to ensure seamless delivery, installation, and ongoing support for each project. Whether your project is located in East Africa, Southeast Asia, or South America, you can count on our team to deliver a steel building that is tailored to your specific needs and the local environment. We take great pride in our global reach and our ability to serve customers across diverse markets. Please let me know if you have any other questions about our international presence or the regions we serve. I'd be happy to provide additional details.

Q: How can we cooperate with your in the first time？

Excellent, let's explore how we can best work together on your project. We have a few options to consider: A. If you already have design drawings in hand, we'd be happy to review them and provide a detailed quotation. Our team can analyze your plans and offer a tailored proposal based on the specifications. B. Alternatively, if you don't have finalized drawings yet, our expert design team would be glad to collaborate with you. We just need a few key details, such as: Intended use and size of the building Site location and local climate conditions Any specific functional requirements or design preferences With this information, our engineers can develop customized design drawings and engineering calculations that meet your needs and comply with local building codes. We'll work closely with you throughout the process to ensure the final plans align perfectly with your vision. Whichever approach works best for you, our goal is to provide a seamless and hassle-free experience. We have a proven track record of delivering high-quality, cost-effective pre-engineered steel building solutions to customers around the world.

Q: Steel structure buildings designs is necessary?

You make an excellent point - professional design is indeed crucial for steel structure buildings. Structural calculations and engineering drawings are essential components that ensure the safety, stability, and performance of these steel constructions. Steel buildings require rigorous design work to account for various factors, such as: Load-bearing capacity: Determining the appropriate size, thickness, and placement of steel members to safely support the structure's weight, wind loads, seismic forces, and other stresses. Structural integrity: Analyzing the overall framework to confirm the building can withstand the expected environmental conditions over its lifetime. Compliance with codes: Ensuring the design meets all relevant building codes and regulations for the specific location. Constructability: Developing detailed drawings that provide clear guidance for the fabrication and installation of the steel components. Without these professional design inputs, the construction of a steel building would be extremely challenging and potentially unsafe. The design process is a critical step that allows us to optimize the structure, minimize risks, and deliver a high-quality, long-lasting solution. I wholeheartedly agree that steel structure building designs are an absolute necessity. Our team of experienced engineers is well-equipped to handle this crucial aspect of your project, working closely with you to create custom design drawings that meet your exact requirements. Please feel free to share your needs, and we can get started on the design right away.

Question 1

Mehaho ea tšepe hangata e hlaha ka mefuta e mene e meholo:

Answer

1: Portal Frame: Mehaho ena e na le tsela e bonolo, e hlakileng ea phetisetso ea matla, e lumellang tlhahiso e ntle ea likarolo le kaho e potlakileng. Li sebelisoa haholo litsing tsa indasteri, tsa khoebo le tsa sechaba. 2: Frame ea tšepe: Mehaho ea foreimi ea tšepe e na le maballo le litšiea tse khonang ho mamella meroalo e emeng le e tšekaletseng. Moralo oa foreimi o tlameha ho fihlela litlhoko tsa matla, botsitso le ho tiea. 3: Sebopeho sa Grid: Mehaho ea li-grid e hokahane le sebaka, 'me litho tse nang le matla li hokahane ho li-node ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng. Mokhoa ona oa moruo o atisa ho sebelisoa mehahong e meholo ea sechaba. 4: Meralo e Ikemetseng: Libakeng tse ling, likhoutu tsa meaho ea lehae li ka amohela meralo ho tsoa ho litsi kapa lienjineri tse amohetsoeng. Maemong ana, sehlopha sa rona se sebetsa haufi-ufi le uena ho utloisisa litlhoko tsa hau le ho theha moralo o ntlafalitsoeng o tla eketsa sebaka sa hau se fumanehang ha o ntse o ntlafatsa litšenyehelo tsa kaho le tsa lipalangoang. Ho sa tsotellehe mofuta oa sebopeho sa tšepe, lipalo tsa boenjiniere ba litsebi le litšoantšo tsa moralo li bohlokoa ho netefatsa polokeho le katleho ea morero.

Question 2

Ke nako efe e kholo ka ho fetisisa ntle le tšehetso?

Answer

Bophahamo bo tloaelehileng ba meaho ea meaho ea tšepe ntle le litšehetso tse mahareng hangata bo maemong a limithara tse 12 ho isa ho tse 24, 'me limithara tse 30 e le moeli o kaholimo. Leha ho le joalo, haeba nako e hlokahalang e feta limithara tse 36, e tla hloka tlhahlobo e khethehileng ea boenjiniere le ho lokafatsa. Maemong a joalo, sehlopha sa meralo se tlameha ho bonts'a ho khoneha, ho ts'epahala, le ts'ebetso ea ts'isinyeho ea tharollo ea nako e telele e reriloeng ho netefatsa hore sebopeho se fihlela litlhoko tsohle tsa polokeho le ts'ebeliso. Sena se ka kenyelletsa lipalo tse tsoetseng pele tsa boenjineri ba meralo, tlhahlobo ea lintlha tse felletseng, le likarolo tse ka bang teng tsa moralo oa tloaelo ho fihlela nako e batloang ntle le litšehetso tse mahareng. Bophahamo bo ikhethileng ba sebaka bo ka fapana ho latela lintlha tse kang sepheo sa moaho, likhoutu tsa moaho oa lehae, thepa ea thepa le mekhoa ea meralo. Tšebelisano e haufi lipakeng tsa moreki le sehlopha sa boenjiniere ke ea bohlokoa ho theha tharollo ea tšepe ea nako e telele e lekanyang litlhoko tsa tekheniki, litšenyehelo le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso.

Question 3

Joang ho kenya mohaho setšeng?

Answer

Ka tloaelo re fa bareki ba rona likhetho tse tharo bakeng sa ho kenya setšeng mehaho ea mohaho oa tšepe: a. Fana ka litaelo tse qaqileng tsa ho kenya tse nang le linepe, litšoantšo, le livideo tse rutang ho tataisa sehlopha sa heno molemong oa ts'ebetso ena. Mokhoa ona oa DIY ke oona o atileng haholo, 'me 95% ea bareki ba rona ba atlehile ho phethela lits'ebetso tsa bona ka tsela ena. b. Romella sehlopha sa rona sa ho kenya se nang le boiphihlelo sebakeng sa hau sa marang-rang ho okamela le ho thusa basebetsi ba lehae la hau. Tharollo ena ea turnkey e akaretsa litšenyehelo tsa bona tsa maeto, bolulo le basebetsi, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e bonolo empa e theko e boima haholo. Hoo e ka bang 2% ea bareki ba khetha tsela ena, hangata bakeng sa merero e meholo e fetang $150,000. c. Lokisetsa hore lienjineri kapa litsebi tsa hau li etele lits'ebeletso tsa rona le ho fumana koetliso ea matsoho mabapi le mekhoa ea ho kenya. Karolo e nyane, e ka bang 3%, ea bareki ba rona ba khetha mokhoa ona ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba bona ba ho kenya ka tlung. Ho sa tsotelehe mokhoa oo re o atamelang, re sebetsa haufi-ufi le uena ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e bonolo ea ho kenya setšeng e fihlelang litekanyetso tsohle tsa polokeho le boleng. Sepheo sa rona ke ho fana ka boemo ba ts'ehetso bo lumellanang hantle le litlhoko le lisebelisoa tsa hau ho phethahatsa morero oa hau oa mohaho oa tšepe ka katleho.

Question 4

Moralo oa moaho o entsoeng esale pele o bitsa bokae?

Answer

Ka kakaretso, litšenyehelo tsa moralo oa moaho oa tšepe o entsoeng esale pele o ka ba $1.5 ka sekweremithara. Chelete ena ea moralo hangata e kenyelelitsoe e le karolo ea tekanyetso ea morero ka kakaretso hang ha moreki a tiisa taelo. Litsenyehelo tse nepahetseng tsa moralo li ka fapana ho latela lintlha tse joalo ka boholo ba moaho, ho rarahana, litlhoko tsa khoutu ea moaho oa lehae, le boemo ba tlhophiso e amehang. Meralo e rarahaneng haholoanyane kapa e entsoeng ka tloaelo e kanna ea ba le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa moralo oa lisekoere-mithara. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore litšenyehelo tsa moralo ke karolo e le 'ngoe feela ea litšenyehelo tsohle tsa morero, tse kenyeletsang litšenyehelo tsa thepa, thepa, lipalangoang le ho kenya. Sehlopha sa rona se sebetsa 'moho le bareki ho fana ka karohano e felletseng ea tekanyetso le ho netefatsa litheko tse pepeneneng. Ka ho kenyelletsa litšenyehelo tsa moralo ho litheko tsa morero ka kakaretso, re ka fana ka tharollo ea turnkey e nolofatsang ts'ebetso bakeng sa bareki ba rona. Mokhoa ona o ba thusa ho rera hantle le ho laola morero oa bona oa ho haha tšepe ho tloha qalong ho fihlela qetellong.

Question 5

Mokhoa oa ho etsa moaho o hlophisitsoeng?

Answer

Ehlile, re ka u fa lits'oants'o tsa rona tse tloaelehileng tsa moralo e le qalo. Leha ho le joalo, haeba ha u na moralo o hlakileng kelellong, re thabela ho sebetsa le uena ho rala tharollo e lumellanang le litlhoko tsa hau tse khethehileng le maemo a leholimo a lehae. Moralo oa rona o kenyelletsa: 1: Ho utloisisa litlhoko tsa hau: Re tla sebetsa haufi-ufi le uena ho bokella lintlha tse felletseng mabapi le ts'ebeliso e reriloeng, boholo, le litlhoko tse ling tsa ts'ebetso ea moaho. 2: Ho nahanoa ka lintlha tsa lehae: Sehlopha sa rona se tla lekola mekhoa ea meaho ea lehae, maemo a leholimo, ts'ebetso ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, le lintlha tse ling tse tobane le sebaka sa marang-rang ho netefatsa hore moralo o sebetsa hantle bakeng sa tikoloho. 3: Ho theha meralo e ikhethileng: Ho latela lintlha tse bokelletsoeng, re tla etsa litšoantšo tse hlakileng tsa meralo le lipalo tsa boenjineri bakeng sa projeke ea hau. 4: Ho kenyelletsa maikutlo a hau: Re tla sebelisana 'moho le uena nakong eohle ea moralo ho kenyelletsa lintlafatso kapa litokiso ho meralo ho fihlela u khotsofetse ka botlalo. Ka ho etsa moralo ho latela litlhoko tsa hau tse ikhethang le maemo a sebaka sa heno, re ka u fa tharollo ea moaho oa tšepe o entsoeng esale pele o sebetsang hantle ebile o theko e boima. Mokhoa ona o thusa ho netefatsa hore moaho o kopana le litekanyetso tsohle tse hlokahalang tsa polokeho le ts'ebetso ha o ntse o hokahana le pono ea hau. Ka kopo, re tsebise litlhoko tsa hau tse khethehileng, 'me sehlopha sa rona sa meralo se tla thabela ho u fa merero le litšoantšo tse hlophisitsoeng bakeng sa morero oa hau.

Question 6

A na nka etsa lintlafatso holim'a moralo oa moaho oa tšepe?

Answer

Ehlile, re amohela lintlafatso tsa moralo oa moaho oa tšepe nakong ea moralo. Re utloisisa hore morero oa hau o ka kenyelletsa ba amehang ba fapaneng, e mong le e mong a na le litlhahiso le litlhoko tsa hae. Hafeela moralo o e-s'o phethoe le ho amoheloa, re thabela ho kenyelletsa maikutlo a hau le ho etsa liphetoho tse hlokahalang. Mokhoa ona oa tšebelisano-'moho o thusa ho netefatsa hore moralo oa ho qetela o kopana le litlhoko tsohle tsa hau le litebello tsa hau. Bakeng sa liphetoho tse rarahaneng tsa moralo, re lefisa tefo e tlase ea $600 ea moralo. Leha ho le joalo, chelete ena e tla huloa litšenyehelong tsohle tsa thepa hang ha u netefatsa odara. Tefiso ena e akaretsa mosebetsi oa tlatsetso oa boenjineri le ho ngola tse hlokahalang ho amohela litokiso. Sehlopha sa rona se ikemiselitse ho sebetsa haufi-ufi le uena nakong eohle ea ts'ebetso ea moralo. Re u khothalletsa hore u fane ka maikutlo kapa litlhahiso leha e le life tseo u ka bang le tsona, kaha re lumela hore mokhoa ona oa ho pheta-pheta o lebisa liphellong tse ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa morero oa hau oa ho haha tšepe. Ka kopo, ikutloe u lokolohile ho arolelana maikutlo le litlhoko tsa hau, 'me re tla thabela ho fetola moralo ka nepo. Sepheo sa rona ke ho fana ka tharollo e finyellang litlhoko tsa hau ka botlalo, kahoo u se ke ua tsilatsila ho kopa liphetoho ha ho hlokahala.

Question 7

Mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ho aha ka HongJi ShunDa Steel ?

Answer

Re ananela thahasello ea hau ho litharollo tsa rona tsa kaho ea tšepe tse entsoeng esale pele. Joaloka molekane oa hau oa morero, re ikemiselitse ho u fa moralo o sa finyelleng litlhoko tsa hau tsa ts'ebetso feela empa hape o ikamahanyang hantle le boemo ba leholimo ba lehae le maemo a sebaka. Haeba u na le moralo o hlakileng kelellong, ka sebele re ka u fa litšoantšo tsa rona tse tloaelehileng tsa moralo e le qalo. Leha ho le joalo, haeba u bulehetse mokhoa o ikhethileng haholoanyane, re thabela ho sebetsa haufi-ufi le uena ho hlahisa tharollo e lokiselitsoeng. Moralo oa rona o kenyelletsa: 1: Moralo oa kopanelo: Re tla kenella lipuisanong tse felletseng ho utloisisa ka botlalo ts'ebeliso ea hau e reriloeng, litlhoko tsa boholo, le lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa moaho. 2: Lintlha tse ikhethileng tsa sebaka sa marang-rang: Sehlopha sa rona se tla sekaseka ka hloko melao ea meaho ea lehae, maemo a leholimo, ts'ebetso ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, le lintlha tse ling tsa tikoloho ho ntlafatsa moralo oa sebaka. 3: Boenjineri bo ikhethileng: Re sebelisa lintlha tseo re li bokellang, re tla etsa litšoantšo tse hlakileng, tse ikhethileng tsa sebaka le lipalo tsa boenjiniere ho netefatsa polokeho le ts'ebetso ea moaho. 4: Ntlafatso e iphetang: Nakong eohle ea moralo, re tla sebetsana le uena ka matsoho ho kenyelletsa lintlafatso kapa litokiso ho fihlela u khotsofetse ka botlalo ka tharollo. Ka ho nka mokhoa ona oa tšebelisano 'moho le o hlophisitsoeng, re ka fana ka mohaho oa tšepe o entsoeng esale pele o sa finyelle litlhoko tsa hau tsa ts'ebetso feela empa hape o sebetsa ka tsela e ikhethang ka har'a boemo ba leholimo le maemo a sebaka seo. Sena se thusa ho netefatsa ho tšoarella ha nako e telele le boleng ba moaho. Ka kopo arolelana litlhoko tsa hau tse khethehileng le rona, 'me sehlopha sa rona sa meralo se tla thabela ho u fa merero le litšoantšo tse lokiselitsoeng morero oa hau.

Question 8

Meaho ea rona e romeloa hokae?

Answer

Potso e ntle. Litharollo tsa rona tsa kaho ea tšepe tse entsoeng esale pele li fihlelleha lefatšeng ka bophara, li tsepamisitse maikutlo limmarakeng tsa bohlokoa tsa Afrika, Asia le Amerika Boroa. Tse ling tsa linaha tseo re atlehileng ho li romela ho kenyeletsa: Afrika: Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Mali, Somalia, Ethiopia Asia: Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand Amerika Boroa: Guyana, Guatemala Brazil Libaka tse ling: New Zeland, Australia, Mekhatlo ena e fapaneng. boemo ba lefatše ke bopaki ba ho feto-fetoha le ts'ebetso ea litsamaiso tsa rona tsa meaho ea tšepe, tse etselitsoeng ho mamella maemo a mangata a leholimo le ho fihlela maemo a kaho ea lehae. Bokhoni ba rona ba ho romela thepa ka ntle ho naha bo re lumella ho fana ka litharollo tsa kaho ea tšepe ea boleng bo holimo, e sa bitseng chelete e ngata ho bareki lefatšeng ka bophara, ho sa tsotelehe hore na ba sebakeng sefe. Re sebetsa 'moho le balekane ba lehae le barekisi ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho tsamaisoa ka mokhoa o se nang moeli, ho kenya, le tšehetso e tsoelang pele bakeng sa morero ka mong. Hore na projeke ea hau e Afrika Bochabela, Asia Boroa-bochabela kapa Amerika Boroa, u ka tšepa sehlopha sa rona ho fana ka moaho oa tšepe o etselitsoeng litlhoko tsa hau tse ikhethileng le tikoloho ea lehae. Re motlotlo haholo ka phihlello ea rona ea lefats'e le bokhoni ba rona ba ho sebeletsa bareki ho pholletsa le limmaraka tse fapaneng. Ka kopo, ntsebise haeba u na le lipotso tse ling mabapi le boteng ba rona ba machabeng kapa libaka tseo re sebeletsang ho tsona. Nka thabela ho fana ka lintlha tse ling.

Question 9

Re ka sebelisana joang le uena ka lekhetlo la pele?

Answer

Hantle, ha re hlahlobeng hore na re ka sebetsa 'moho hantle hakae morerong oa hau. Re na le likhetho tse 'maloa tseo re ka li nahanang: A. Haeba u se u ntse u e-na le litšoantšo tsa meralo letsohong, re ka thabela ho li hlahloba le ho fana ka quotation e felletseng. Sehlopha sa rona se ka sekaseka merero ea hau mme sa fana ka tlhahiso e lokiselitsoeng ho latela litlhaloso. B. Ntle le moo, haeba ha o so qete ho taka, sehlopha sa rona sa boqapi ba litsebi se ka thabela ho sebelisana le uena. Re hloka feela lintlha tse seng kae tsa bohlokoa, tse kang: Tšebeliso e reriloeng le boholo ba moaho Sebaka sa sebaka sa marang-rang le maemo a leholimo a lehae Litlhoko life kapa life tse khethehileng tsa ts'ebetso kapa likhetho tsa moralo Ka tlhaiso-leseling ena, baenjiniere ba rona ba ka etsa litšoantšo tse hlophisitsoeng tsa meralo le lipalo tsa boenjiniere tse fihlelang litlhoko tsa hau. latela melao ea kaho ea lehae. Re tla sebetsa 'moho le uena nakong eohle ea ts'ebetso ho netefatsa hore merero ea ho qetela e lumellana hantle le pono ea hau. Ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke mokhoa ofe o sebetsang hantle bakeng sa hau, sepheo sa rona ke ho fana ka phihlelo e se nang mathata le e se nang mathata. Re na le rekoto e netefalitsoeng ea ho fana ka litharollo tsa meaho ea tšepe ea boleng bo holimo, e theko e tlase ho bareki ho pota lefatše.

Question 10

Meaho ea meaho ea tšepe e ea hlokahala?

Answer

O fana ka ntlha e ntle haholo - moralo oa setsebi o bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa meaho ea meaho ea tšepe. Lipalo tsa sebopeho le litšoantšo tsa boenjiniere ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse netefatsang polokeho, botsitso le ts'ebetso ea meaho ena ea tšepe. Mehaho ea tšepe e hloka mosebetsi o matla oa ho rala ho ikarabella bakeng sa lintlha tse fapaneng, tse kang: Bokhoni ba ho jara moroalo: Ho fumana boholo bo loketseng, botenya, le ho beoa ha litho tsa tšepe ho tšehetsa boima ba mohaho, meroalo ea moea, matla a ho sisinyeha ha lefatše le likhatello tse ling. Botšepehi ba Sebopeho: Ho sekaseka moralo oa kakaretso ho netefatsa hore moaho o ka mamella maemo a lebelletsoeng a tikoloho bophelong bohle ba ona. Ho lumellana le likhoutu: Ho netefatsa hore moralo o kopana le melaoana eohle ea moaho le melaoana ea sebaka se itseng. Constructability: Ho hlahisa litšoantšo tse qaqileng tse fanang ka tataiso e hlakileng bakeng sa ho etsoa le ho kenya likarolo tsa tšepe. Ntle le lisebelisoa tsena tsa moralo oa litsebi, ho hahoa ha mohaho oa tšepe ho ne ho tla ba thata haholo 'me ho ka ba kotsi. Ts'ebetso ea moralo ke mohato oa bohlokoa o re lumellang ho ntlafatsa sebopeho, ho fokotsa likotsi, le ho fana ka tharollo ea boleng bo holimo, e tšoarellang nako e telele. Ke lumela ka pelo eohle hore meralo ea meaho ea meaho ea tšepe ke tlhokahalo e felletseng. Sehlopha sa rona sa lienjineri tse nang le boiphihlelo se hlomeletsoe hantle ho sebetsana le karolo ena ea bohlokoa ea projeke ea hau, se sebetsa haufi-ufi le uena ho etsa litšoantšo tsa meralo e ikhethileng e fihlelang litlhoko tsa hau hantle. Ka kopo ikutloe u lokolohile ho arolelana litlhoko tsa hau, 'me re ka qala moralo hang hang.

Question 11

Ke lintlha life tse lokelang ho nahanoa bakeng sa meaho e tloaelehileng?

Answer

Ho na le lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tse lokelang ho nahanoa ha ho etsoa moaho oa tšepe o tloaelehileng. E re ke atolose lintlha tsa bohlokoa tseo u li totobalitseng: Maemo a tikoloho ea lehae: Meroalo ea moea: Ho utloisisa lebelo le phahameng la moea sebakeng seo ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa bots'epehi ba sebopeho sa moaho. Meroalo ea lehloa: Libakeng tse nang le lehloa le leholo, moralo oa marulelo o tlameha ho khona ho ts'ehetsa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ho bokella lehloa ho lebelletsoeng. Ketsahalo ea ho sisinyeha ha lefatše: Libakeng tse kotsing ea ho ba le tšisinyeho ea lefatše, foreimi le metheo ea moaho li tlameha ho etsoa enjenere ho mamella matla a ho sisinyeha ha lefatše a lebelletsoeng. Litekanyo tsa setša le moralo: Boholo ba mobu bo teng: Ho tseba litekanyo tsa setša ho tla thusa ho fumana sebaka se nepahetseng sa moaho le moralo. Boikarabelo ba sebaka: Tsela eo moaho o shebaneng le mobu ka eona e ka ama lintlha tse kang mabone a tlhaho le moea. Tšebeliso e reriloeng le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso: Mofuta oa bolulo: Hore na moaho o tla sebelisetsoa merero ea indasteri, ea khoebo kapa ea bolulo e ama moralo le moralo. Litlhoko tsa ka hare: Lintho tse kang bophahamo ba siling, lisebelisoa tse khethehileng, le litlhoko tsa ho sebetsana le thepa li tlameha ho tlalehoa. Katoloso ea nako e tlang: Ho siea sebaka bakeng sa ho eketsa kapa ho eketsoa ke taba ea bohlokoa. Ka ho hlahlobisisa lintlha tsena tsa bohlokoa ka hloko, sehlopha sa rona sa meralo se ka hlahisa tharollo ea kaho ea tšepe e tloaelehileng e lumellanang le litlhoko tsa hau tse khethehileng le tikoloho ea lehae. Sena se tiisa hore sebopeho ha se fihlelle litlhoko tsa hau tsa ts'ebetso feela empa hape se sebetsa hantle haholo bophelong bohle ba sona. Ka kopo, ntsebise haeba u na le lipotso kapa lintlha tse ling tseo u ka ratang ho li arolelana mabapi le morero oa hau. Re mona ho sebetsa haufi-ufi le uena ho etsa hore pono ea hau e phele.

Question 12

Mefuta ea litšepe ke efe?

Answer

A: Sebopeho sa Moment-Resisting Frame: 1. Mofuta ona oa foreimi ea tšepe o entsoe ka maballo a hokahaneng le litšiea tse khonang ho hanela nako ea ho kobeha. Liforeimi tsa 2.Moment-resistant li atisa ho sebelisoa mehahong e phahameng, kaha li fana ka botsitso bo hlokahalang ba lateral ho mamella moea le matla a seismic. 3.Moqapi oa liforeimi tsena o hloka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi ho likhokahano pakeng tsa maballo le litšiea ho netefatsa botšepehi ba sebopeho ka kakaretso. B: Braced Frame: 1. Li-braced frames li kenyelletsa litho tsa diagonal, tse tsejoang e le li-braces, tse thusang ho qhala meroalo e ka thōko ka matla a axial ho litho. 2.Moqapi ona o sebetsa ka ho khetheha libakeng tse nang le litšisinyeho tse phahameng tsa lefatše kapa tsa moea, kaha li-braces li ka fetisetsa meroalo ena hantle motheong. 3.Liforeimi tse nang le li-braced li sebelisoa hangata litsing tsa indasteri, matlong a polokelo, le meaho ea khoebo e tlohang tlase ho isa bohareng. C: Kaho e Kopanetsoeng: 1.Mohaho o kopantsoeng o kopanya matla a tšepe le konkreite, moo maballo a tšepe kapa litšiea li koaletsoeng ka konkreite. 2.Mokhoa ona o sebelisa matla a phahameng a khatello ea konkreite le matla a ts'ebetso ea tšepe, e leng se etsang hore ho be le tharollo ea moralo e sebetsang hantle le e theko e boima. 3.Mohaho o kopanetsoeng o atisa ho sebelisoa mehahong e phahameng, marokho, le mehaho e meng moo ho hlokahalang motsoako oa matla le ho tšoarella. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mefuta ena ea litšepe e na le melemo ea eona e ikhethang 'me e lokiselitsoe litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa morero, tse kang boholo ba mohaho, litlhoko tsa ho jara, le maemo a tikoloho a tikoloho. Sehlopha sa rona sa baenjiniere ba nang le boiphihlelo se ka u thusa ho lekola khetho e nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa bakeng sa projeke ea hau ea kaho, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le ho boloka litšenyehelo.